Levada regional department
41 = 41 North Caucasus
46 = 46 ÂÎËÃÎÃÐÀÄÑÊÎÅ

Questionnaire variant
1 = 1 Krasnodar Krai
2 = 2 Republic of Adygea
3 = 3 Republic of Dagestan
4 = 4 Volgograd Oblast

Oblast (province)
33 = Volgograd Oblast
39 = Republic of Tatarstan
40 = Krasnodar Krai
41 = Republic of Adygea
45 = Republic of Dagestan

Month of questionnaire completion
1 = January 2007
12 = Äåêàáðü 2006 ã.

1A. WHAT ETHNIC GROUP DO YOU IDENTIFY YOURSELF WITH?
1 = Native
2 = Other
999 = refused

1B. HAVE YOU LIVED HERE SINCE BIRTH OR MOVED IN BEFORE OR AFTER 1989?
1 = since birth
2 = before 1989
3 = in 1989 or later
999 = refused

1C. HAVE YOU MOVED HERE FROM ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, OR ANOTHER REGION?
1 = from Armenia or Azerbaijan
2 = from another region
999 = refused

1D. WHERE HAVE YOU MOVED HERE FROM?
1 = other former republic of the USSR (except Russia)
2 = elswhere in the Russian Federation
3 = foreign country
4 = æèâó çäåñü ñ ñàìîãî ðîæäåíèÿ
999 = refused

q64A1 64_1. SEX (1-ST MEMBER OF FAMILY)
1 = male
2 = female

q65B2 65_2. HOW OLD HE/SHE IS? (2-ND MEMBER OF FAMILY)
99 = Ìåíåå 1 ãîäà

1. IF THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI IS COUNTED AS 100%, THEN APPROXIMATELY WHAT PERCENT, IN YOUR VIEW ARE MIGRANTS?
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

Q5_1. DO YOU HAVE ANY KIND OF CONTACTS WITH MIGRANTS: friend or friends
0 = no
1 = yes
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

6. YOU CONSIDER YOURSELF TO BELONG TO WHICH ETHNIC GROUP?
0 = refused to answer
1 = Russian
2 = Tatar
3 = Ukrainian
4 = Armenian
5 = Chechen
6 = Komi-Permyak, Komi
7 = Byelorussian
8 = Bashkir
9 = Georgian
10 = Jew
11 = Udmurt
12 = Chuvash
13 = Azerbaijani
14 = German
15 = Cherkess
16 = Mordva
17 = Kazakh
18 = Adyg
19 = Karelian, Finn
20 = Yakut
21 = North Caucasus groups (Avar, Kabard, Karachai, Lezgin, Nogai
22 = Central Asian groups (Kyrgyz, Tajik, Uzbek)
23 = Siberia and Far East people (Altai, Buryat, Khakass)
24 = *
25 = other (Agni Yogu, Bulgarian, Greek, Korean, Lithuanian, Mari
998 = don't know

7. HOW PROUD ARE YOU OF THE ETHNIC GROUP TO WHICH YOU BELONG?
1 = very proud
2 = mostly proud
3 = mostly not proud
4 = not at all proud
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

8. THERE IS A VIEW THAT THE INFLUX OF MIGRANTS INTO YOUR REGION /REPUBLIC/KRAI MAY RESULT IN THEIR NUMBERS INCREASING SO MUCH THAT ONE WOULD NO LONGER BE ABLE TO CONSIDER YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI TO BE PART OF RUSSIA. DO YOU AGREE WITH THAT VIEW?
0 = don't know
1 = yes
2 = no
999 = refused to answer

10. DO YOU THINK ETHNIC DIVERSITY OF THE POPULATION STRENGTHENS OR WEAKENS RUSSIA?
1 = strengthens
2 = strengthens in some ways, weakens in others
3 = weakens
997 = neither strengthens, not weakens
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

11_1 SUPPOSE YOUR CHILD OR SOME OTHER BELOVED FAMILY MEMBER WANTED TO MARRY A MIGRANT WHOSE FAMILY INCOME IS ABOUT THE SAME AS YOURS. TO WHAT EXTENT WOULD YOU FIND MIGRANTS BELONGING TO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ETHNIC GROUP ACCEPTABLE: CHECHENS
1 = the least acceptable
2 = "2"
3 = "3"
4 = "4"
5 = the most acceptable
997 = Ethnicity does not matter for marriages
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

12_1 TO WHAT EXTENT THE CUSTOMS AND BEHAVIOR OF MEMBERS OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ETHNIC GROUPS, OTHER THAN YOUR OWN, ARE SIMILAR TO YOURS, OVERALL? CHECHENS
1 = least similar
2 = "2"
3 = "3"
4 = "4"
5 = most similar
997 = This is my own ethnic group
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

15_a TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU AGREE/DISAGREE WITH EACH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS: History shows that people of any ethnic group can be true patriots of Russia
1 = completely agree
2 = mostly agree
3 = mostly disagree
4 = completely disagree
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

16_a IN WHAT WAY, YOU THINK, DO MIGRANTS IN YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI AFFECT THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF LIFE IN YOUR AREA?Manufacturing industry
1 = "-3" very negatively
2 = "-2"
3 = "-1"
4 = "0" have no impact
5 = "+1"
6 = "+2"
7 = "+3" very positively
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

17_1 IN WHAT WAY, DO YOU THINK, MIGRANTS OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ETHNIC GROUPS AFFECT LIFE IN YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI IN GENERAL?CHECHENS
1 = "1" very negatively
2 = "2"
3 = "3"
4 = "4"
5 = "5" very positively
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

18. SOME BELIEVE THAT MIGRANTS ARRIVING IN YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI BRING ECONOMIC BENEFITS TO A CERTAIN NUMBER OF NATIVE LOCAL RESIDENTS. IN YOUR VIEW, APPROXIMATELY WHAT PERCENT OF THE NATIVE POPULATION IN YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI BENEFITS IN THIS WAY
0 = nobody
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

20_a IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS HAVE YOU DONE ANY OF THESE THINGS: BOUGHT GOODS FROM MIGRANTS AT THE MARKET, IN THE KIOSKS, OR IN THE STREET?
1 = yes
2 = no
999 = refused to answer

23. IN YOUR VIEW, HOW ISOLATED IS YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI FROM THE CENTER, FROM THE INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT ON WHAT GOES ON IN THE OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI?
1 = very isolated
2 = 2
3 = 3
4 = 4
5 = not at all isolated
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

24_a TO WHAT EXTENT ARE THE FOLLOWING ENTITIES CAPABLE OF EXTINGUISHING INTERETHNIC CONFLICTS, IF THEY HAPPEN IN YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI? Federal government agencies (migration service, police, FSB, Ministry for Emergency Situations)
1 = completely incapable
2 = "2"
3 = "3"
4 = "4"
5 = most capable
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

25_1 IF, TO SOLVE THEIR PROBLEMS, MIGRANTS HAVE TO BRIBE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, HOW OFTEN DO YOU THINK MIGRANTS OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ETHNIC GROUPS DO IT? CHECHENS
1 = "1" least often
2 = "2"
3 = "3"
4 = "4"
5 = "5" most often
997 = They don’t have to do it
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

26. AFTER HIS ELECTION AS RUSSIA’S PRESIDENT IN 2000, VLADIMIR PUTIN STARTED A SWEEPING REFORM TO STRENGTHEN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY IN RUSSIA. TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU THINK THESE REFORMS HAVE STRENGTHENED THE INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERAL GOVERNMEN
1 = strengthened significantly
2 = mostly strengthened
3 = strengthened in some respects, weakened in others
4 = mostly weakened
5 = weakened significantly
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

27_1 TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU THINK MIGRANTS OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ETHNIC GROUPS POSE A THREAT TO THE SECURITY OF RUSSIA? CHECHENS
1 = pose no threat whatsoever
2 = "2"
3 = "3"
4 = "4"
5 = pose a strong threat
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

28. FROM THE FOLLOWING LIST PLEASE SELECT THE NUMBER ONE THREAT THAT CAME TO YOUR MIND WHEN YOU ANSWERED THE PREVIOUS QUESTION?
1 = terrorism or banditry
2 = illegal settlement or residency
3 = territorial claims on Russia
4 = ethnic and religious hostility and violence
5 = undermining of Russia’s economy
6 = Displacement of the native population [ADDED]
996 = all of the above
997 = other
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

29_1 THERE IS A VIEW THAT SOME GROUPS OF MIGRANTS MAY SERVE THE INTERESTS OF FOREIGN POWERS AGAINST RUSSIA, EVEN IF THESE MIGRANTS SETTLE DOWN AND BECOME RUSSIAN CITIZENS. TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU THINK THIS VIEW IS CORRECT REGARDING CHECHENS?
1 = totally incorrect
2 = "2"
3 = "3"
4 = "4"
5 = totally correct
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

30. FROM WHAT SOURCES, FOR THE MOST PART, DO YOU GET INFORMATION ABOUT MIGRATION AND MIGRANTS IN YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI?
1 = ORT channel
2 = RTR channel
3 = NTV channel
4 = local TV
5 = Radio "Mayak"
6 = Radio Russia
7 = local radio stations
8 = Argumenti i fakty
9 = Moskovskii komsomolets
10 = Pravda
11 = Zavtra
12 = other national newspapers
13 = regional or local press
14 = Internet--the web
15 = Internet (e-mail, chat rooms, etc.)
16 = books
17 = movies
18 = pop-music
19 = people with whom I talk
20 = own observations, experience [ADDED]
997 = other
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

31. OF THOSE FROM WHOM YOU GET INFORMATION ABOUT MIGRATION AND MIGRANTS, WHO DO YOU TRUST THE MOST?
1 = the president of Russia
2 = Russian State Duma deputies
3 = the Russian government ministries, incl. Defense, MVD, FSB
4 = leaders of political parties and movements
5 = regional and local governments (governor, mayor, deputies)
6 = journalists
7 = the clergy
8 = arts/culture celebrities (movie/pop stars, actors, writers)
9 = leaders of non-governmental groups, public activists
10 = friends, neighbors, coworkers
11 = no one [ADDED]
12 = Oneself [ADDED]
997 = others
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

32. IF YOU YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI THERE ARE NON-GOVERNMENTAL (PUBLIC) GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT PROMOTE COMMUNICATION AND UNDERSTANDING AMONG PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS AND HELP MIGRANTS GET BACK UP ON THEIR FEET AND FIND JOBS IN THEIR
1 = I was/am a member of such group/organization
2 = I was/am not a member, but my family/friends take part
3 = not a member, but attended events (festivals, sports, etc.)
4 = they exist, I heard about them, but don't attend activities
5 = we do not have such organizations, but I have heard about'm
6 = we do not have them, and I have not heard about them
997 = other
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

33. IF YOU EVER HELPED MIGRANTS, INCLUDING REFUGEES OR FORCED RESETTLERS, IN ANY WAY, WHAT SPECIFICALLY DID YOU DO TO HELP THEM?
1 = sent money to the aid account set by government or charity
2 = gave them free housing/shelter
3 = helped by giving them food, clothes, household items, etc.
4 = helped their children learn our language; told abt customs
5 = donated money directly to migrants (aside from handouts) [A]
6 = gave them money in the street [ADDED]
7 = helped them find a job [ADDED]
996 = never had to help migrants
997 = other help
999 = refused to answer

35. APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY PEOPLE DO YOU KNOW WHO IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS WERE VICTIMES OF A CRIME COMMITTED BY MIGRANTS?
0 = none
998 = don't know
999 = îòêàç îò îòâåòà

36. AND HOW MANY CASES DO YOUR KNOW IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS WHEN CRIME VICTIMS WERE MIGRANTS?
0 = none
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

37. TO WHAT EXTENT ARE YOUR AFRAID THAT YOU MAY BECOME A VICTIM OF AN ATTACK/CRIME BECAUSE OF YOUR ETHNIC BACKGROUND?
1 = very much afraid
2 = for the most part afraid
3 = for the most part not afraid
4 = not afraid at all
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

38. IN YOUR VIEW, OF ALL THE CRIMES COMMITTED IN YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI APPROXIMATELY WHAT PROPORTION ARE VIOLENT CRIMES THAT ARE COMMITTED OR ORGANIZED BY MIGRANTS TARGETTING LOCAL RESIDENTS?
1 = such crimes have never taken place
2 = an insignificant proportion of all crimes
3 = the majority of crimes
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

39_1 TALKING ABOUT MIGRANTS OF THE FOLLOWING ETHNIC GROUPS, WOULD YOU PREFER THAT THE NUMBER OF EACH ONE THEM INCREASSED, STAYED THE SAME, OR DECREASED: CHECHENS
1 = increased
2 = stayed the same
3 = decreased
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

42. TV, RADIO STATIONS, AND THE NEWSPAPERS HAVE REPORTED ABOUT CRIMES COMMITTED AGAINST MEMBERS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES, INCLUDING MIGRANTS. FOR EXAMPLE, THERE WAS THE BURNING DOWN OF A STUDENT HOSTEL AT THE UNIVERSITY OF THE FRIENDSHIP OF NATIONS IN MOSCOW
1 = defend members of ethnic minorities myself
2 = help police defend ethnic minorities and find perpetrators
3 = demand our government to spend more on police, security
4 = demand our government restrict migrant entry, movement
5 = join the Cossacks & the like, to make migrants observe laws
6 = feel sympathy, compassion for victims, mad at perpetrators
996 = don’t want to do anything about it/haven’t heard about that
997 = other
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

43. RESPONDENT'S SEX
1 = male
2 = female
999 = refused to answer

44. WHAT WAS YOUR AGE IN YEARS ON YOUR LAST BIRTHDAY?
999 = refused to answer

45. WHAT IS YOUR EDUCATION? PLEASE TELL US WHAT YOUR HIGHEST EDUCATION LEVEL IS FROM AMONG ALL THOSE LISTED.
1 = elementary or incomplete secondary
2 = complete secondary (high school, lyceum, or gymnasium)
3 = vocational-technical degree w/incomplete secondary education
4 = vocational-technical degree w/complete secondary education
5 = specialized secondary education (technical, junior college)
6 = incomplete higher education
7 = higher education
8 = has a graduate (advanced) degree
999 = refused to answer

46. WHAT IS YOUR MARITAL STATUS
1 = single
2 = married
3 = live together, but are not officially married
4 = live separately, but are not divorced
5 = divorced
6 = widowed
999 = refused to answer

47. WHAT IS YOUR PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION?
1 = industrial/blue collar worker (except in agriculture)
2 = agricultural worker or farmer
3 = white collar worker without higher education
4 = white collar worker with higher education (teacher, doctor)
5 = company/organization manager or CEO/business owner/operator
6 = professional military, police, security/intelligence officer
7 = student
8 = housewife/househusband
9 = retired pensioner due to the number of service years or age
10 = retired pensioner due to disability
11 = unemployed (due to lack of work)
997 = other
999 = refused to answer

48. TO WHAT EXTENT ARE YOU SATISFIED WITH YOUR LIFE IN GENERAL?
-3 = completely satisfied
-2 = -2
-1 = -1
0 = satisfied w/some things, dissatisfied w/others about equally
1 = 1
2 = 2
3 = completely dissatisfied
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

49. DO YOU THINK THAT IN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS YOUR LIFE WILL IMPROVE, REMAIN ABOUT THE SAME AS NOW, OR GET WORSE?
1 = improve
2 = remain the same
3 = get worse
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

52. PLEASE TELL US WHERE YOU LIVED THE LONGEST FROM THE TIME YOU WERE BORN TILL WHEN YOU TURNED 12 YEARS OF AGE?
1 = in this oblast/republic/krai
2 = in Russia, but not the same oblast/republic/krai I live now
3 = in the former USSR, but not in the RSFSR/Russian Federation)
4 = outside the former USSR
999 = refused to answer

53_1. DO YOU HAVE RELATIVES AMONG MIGRANTS WHO LIVE WHERE YOU LIVE? IF SO, ARE THESE YOUR PARENTS?
0 = no
1 = yes

54. ARE THERE AMONG YOUR RELATIVES, WHEREVER THEY LIVE, PEOPLE BELONGING TO ETHNIC GROUPS OTHER THAN YOUR OWN?
1 = yes, one of the parents
2 = yes, other relatives
3 = no
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

55. DO YOU CONSIDER YOURSELF A RELIGIOUS BELIEVER? IF SO, WHICH IS YOUR RELIGION?
1 = Orthodox Christianity
2 = Islam
3 = Judaism
4 = Buddhism
5 = Catholicism
6 = Protestantism
7 = Paganism
8 = other religion
9 = I do not consider myself a believer
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

56. HOW OFTEN IN THE LAST SIX MONTH HAVE YOU VISITED CHURCH OR HOUSE OF PRAYER (NOT COUNTING WEDDINGS, BAPTISMALS, OR FUNERALS)?
0 = have not visited at all
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

57. WHICH OF THE PARTIES AND ELECTORAL BLOCS CURRENTLY EXISTING IN RUSSIA DO YOU THINK REPRESENTS THE INTERESTS OF PEOPLE LIKE YOU THE MOST?
1 = United Russia (B. Gryzlov)
2 = LDPR (V. Zhirinovsky)
3 = Motherland (D. Rogozin)
4 = Motherland (S. Baburin)
5 = KPRF (G. Zyuganov)
6 = Yabloko (G. Yavlinsky)
7 = Union of the Right Forces (B. Nemtsov)
8 = others
9 = none of the parties represent the interests of people like I
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

58A. TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU THINK POPULAR PROTESTS (SUCH AS STRIKES, RALLIES, AND OTHER KINDS OF MASS PUBLIC ACTION) ARE LIKELY IN YOUR OBLAST/REPUBLIC/KRAI AGAINST THE PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA?
1 = "1" (completely unlikely)
2 = "2"
3 = "3"
4 = "4"
5 = "5" (very likely)
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

59. DID YOU VOTE IN THE RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION HELD ON MARCH 14 2004? IF YES, WHICH OF THE CANDIDATES DID YOU VOTE FOR?
1 = Sergey Glaz'ev
2 = Oleg Malyshkin
3 = Sergey Mironov
4 = Vladimir Putin
5 = Irina Khakamada
6 = Nikolai Kharitonov
7 = voted "against all"
8 = did not vote in the Russian presidential election
998 = don't know
999 = refused to answer

60. RESPONDENT’S TYPE OF HOUSING.
1 = 2-5-floor brick apartment complex built from 1900 to 1950
2 = «Khrushchev-era apartment complex» (brick or concrete panel)
3 = large apartment complex, concrete panels, Brezhnev (5-16fl)
4 = large apartment complex,brick, elite plans, Brezhnev, 5-16 f
5 = post-Soviet period high rise
6 = detached wooden house (pre-Soviet or Soviet era)
7 = brick/concrete private house (pre-Soviet or Soviet era)
8 = detached house, post-Soviet period (cottage, villa, etc.)
9 = other type of housing
10 = 2-4 floor “Brezhnev era” apartment building [ADDED]
11 = wood/clay hut/house [ADDED]

Questionnaire variant
1 = 1 RF and Moscow City
2 = 2 Moscow Oblast
3 = 3 Krasnodar
4 = 4 Volgograd and Orenburg
5 = 5 Tatarstan

SAMPLE LOCATION
1 = Russian Federation
2 = Moscow City
3 = Moscow Oblast
4 = Krasnodar, Adygea
5 = Volgograd
6 = Orenburg
7 = Tatarstan