Addendum: Chinese Migration in Primorskii Krai: An Assessment of Its Scale, Socioeconomic Impact, and Opportunities for Corruption

Table A1: Migrant laborers (Table 2).
Table A2: Consumer goods production (Table 14).
Table A3: Proizvodstvo osnovnykh vidov s/kh produktsii, Ibid., 82 (Table 15).
Table A4: Decline in wages: srednemesyachnaya zarplata, p. 26 (Table 16).
Table A5: Number of JV’s with PRC in Primor’e (Table 4).
Table A6: JV’s goods produced and services rendered (rubles, Table 5).
Table A7: JV goods sold in Primorskii krai (Table 6).
Table A8: Migrant labor and vegetable output in Primorskii krai (Table 5.1, Sheet4).
Table A9: Migrant labor and individual housing construction, including (Table 11.1, Sh.4).
Table A10: Tigr data (Table 18).
Table A11: Population data, Table 9.1, Sh.4.
Table A12: Positive and Negative Incentives for Chinese Migrant Activities in Primor’e.

Table A1. Number of PRC Citizens Employed in Primorskii Krai
	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998

Primorye total	7895	8349	8292	6968	7179
Artem			134	220	190
Arseniev			0	0	0
Vladivostok			1580	1513	1483
Nakhodka			1743	951	951
Partizansk			166	145	140
Ussuriisk			1578	1997	1929
Dal'nerechenskii r-n			118	48	85
Kirovskii r-n			0	0	15
Lesozavodskii r-n			6	3	61
Nadezhdinskii r-n			150	92	202
Oktiabrskii r-n			500	1023	1135
Partizanskii r-n			372	143	111
Pogranichnyi r-n			393	74	30
Pozharskii r-n			286	31	48
Spasskii r-n			192	128	179
Ussuriyskii r-n			0	0	0
Khankaiskii r-n			151	174	179
Khasanskii r-n			263	4	2
Khorol'skii r-n			122	134	81
Shkotovskii r-n			65	19	59

Total listed by city			5201	4826	4693
Total listed by raion			2618	1873	2187
Total listed			7819	6699	6880
Listed as % of Primor'e			94	96	96
Cities as % of Primor'e			63	69	65

NOTE: No data was collected by city and raion in 1994 and 1995
SOURCE: Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii kraevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, No. 19sv-39, May 28, 1999.

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Table A2. Production of Principal Consumer Items in Primorskii krai, 1990-1997.
Area Item
1990

1994

1997
1997-to-1990, %

Primorskii krai Garments (000s)
14918

1177

80

0.5

Primorskii krai Shoes (000s pairs)
2127

556

28

1.3

Primorskii krai Refrigerators
151545

23185

0

0.0

Primorskii krai Washing machines
116179

16433

37

0.03

Primorskii krai Kitchenware (000s)
29984

9341

1041

3.5

Primorskii krai Soap (tons)
27475

4107

835

3.0

Artem Garments (000s)
14668

991

80

0.5

Artem Kitchenware (000s)
7916

1779

0

0.0

Vladivostok Garments (000s)
250

186

0

0.0

Vladivostok Dishes (000s)
22068

7562

1041

4.7

Ussuriisk Shoes (000s pairs)
2127

556

28

1.3

Ussuriisk Refrigerators
151545

23185

0

0.0

Ussuriisk Soap (tons)
27475

4107

835

3.0

Arseniev Washing machines
116179

16433

37

0.03

SOURCE: Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii kraevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, Sotsial'naia sfera gorodov i raionov Primorskogo kraia (Vladivostok, 1998), 78.

Table A2. Production of Principal Consumer Items in Primorskii krai, 1990-1997.
Area	Item	1990	1994	1997	1997-to-1990, %
Primorskii krai	Garments (000s)	14918	1177	80	0.5
Primorskii krai	Shoes (000s pairs)	2127	556	28	1.3
Primorskii krai	Refrigerators	151545	23185	0	0.0
Primorskii krai	Washing machines	116179	16433	37	0.03
Primorskii krai	Kitchenware (000s)	29984	9341	1041	3.5
Primorskii krai	Soap (tons)	27475	4107	835	3.0
Artem	Garments (000s)	14668	991	80	0.5
Artem	Kitchenware (000s)	7916	1779	0	0.0
Vladivostok	Garments (000s)	250	186	0	0.0
Vladivostok	Dishes (000s)	22068	7562	1041	4.7
Ussuriisk	Shoes (000s pairs)	2127	556	28	1.3
Ussuriisk	Refrigerators	151545	23185	0	0.0
Ussuriisk	Soap (tons)	27475	4107	835	3.0
Arseniev	Washing machines	116179	16433	37	0.03

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Table A3. Agricultural Output for All Types of Producers, 1990-1997 (kilograms/number per capita).
Meat Milk Eggs Vegetables

1990

1997

1990

1997

1990

1997

1990

1997

Primorye total
37

9.4

163

67

291

133

44

42

Artem
120

25

63

26

2500

1211

86

107

Arseniev
7

1.1

1

6

8

0.1

17

14

Vladivostok
2

0.1

1

0.4

0.5

0.1

8

8

Nakhodka
4

0.6

5

3

4

0

6

20

Partizansk
19

3.5

76

30

25

5

53

28

Ussuriysk (city&raion)
32

6

150

60

108

65

76

40

Dalnerechenskii raion
51

14

273

101

404

269

29

21

Kirovskii r-n
86

29

613

209

64

66

55

57

Lesozavodskii r-n
47

15

332

125

40

33

41

66

Nadezhdinskii r-n
175

21

307

125

2348

157

130

151

Oktiabrskii r-n
93

22

558

199

93

37

216

104

Partizanskii r-n
77

21

497

148

1631

557

206

149

Pogranichnyi r-n
116

22

618

269

1488

102

105

39

Pozharskii r-n
31

10

227

84

57

35

41

43

Spasskii r-n
54

13

313

122

63

48

87

38

Khankaiskii r-n
138

41

747

344

132

71

40

44

Khasanskii r-n
23

7

118

67

33

18

24

12

Khorol'skii r-n
100

34

575

237

509

198

30

45

Shkotovskii r-n
11

12

66

149

25

56

26

155

Table A3. Agricultural Output for All Types of Producers, 1990-1997 (kilograms/number per capita).
	Meat	Milk	Eggs	Vegetables
	1990	1997	1990	1997	1990	1997	1990	1997
Primorye total	37	9.4	163	67	291	133	44	42
Artem	120	25	63	26	2500	1211	86	107
Arseniev	7	1.1	1	6	8	0.1	17	14
Vladivostok	2	0.1	1	0.4	0.5	0.1	8	8
Nakhodka	4	0.6	5	3	4	0	6	20
Partizansk	19	3.5	76	30	25	5	53	28
Ussuriysk (city&raion)	32	6	150	60	108	65	76	40
Dalnerechenskii raion	51	14	273	101	404	269	29	21
Kirovskii r-n	86	29	613	209	64	66	55	57
Lesozavodskii r-n	47	15	332	125	40	33	41	66
Nadezhdinskii r-n	175	21	307	125	2348	157	130	151
Oktiabrskii r-n	93	22	558	199	93	37	216	104
Partizanskii r-n	77	21	497	148	1631	557	206	149
Pogranichnyi r-n	116	22	618	269	1488	102	105	39
Pozharskii r-n	31	10	227	84	57	35	41	43
Spasskii r-n	54	13	313	122	63	48	87	38
Khankaiskii r-n	138	41	747	344	132	71	40	44
Khasanskii r-n	23	7	118	67	33	18	24	12
Khorol'skii r-n	100	34	575	237	509	198	30	45
Shkotovskii r-n	11	12	66	149	25	56	26	155

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Table A4. Average Monthly Wages, Indexed to 1991 Prices.

1993

1997

Change

Primorye total
53

37

-16

Artem
61

44

-17

Arseniev
48

21

-27

Vladivostok
60

39

-21

Nakhodka
55

39

-16

Partizansk
66

40

-26

Ussuriisk (city&raion)
48

29

-19

Dal'nerechenskii raion
42

28

-14

Kirovskii r-n
49

23

-26

Lesozavodskii r-n
49

30

-19

Nadezhdinskii r-n
54

31

-23

Oktiabr'skii r-n
49

31

-18

Partizanskii r-n
55

34

-21

Pogranichnyi r-n
39

27

-12

Pozharskii r-n
57

56

-1

Spasskii r-n
33

20

-13

Khankaiskii r-n
37

26

-11

Khasanskii r-n
45

31

-14

Khorol'skii r-n
50

23

-27

Shkotovskii r-n
37

28

-9

SOURCE: Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii krayevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, Sotsial'naia sfera gorodov i raionov Primorskogo kraia (Vladivostok, 1998), …..

Table A4. Average Monthly Wages, Indexed to 1991 Prices.
	1993	1997	Change
Primorye total	53	37	-16
Artem	61	44	-17
Arseniev	48	21	-27
Vladivostok	60	39	-21
Nakhodka	55	39	-16
Partizansk	66	40	-26
Ussuriisk (city&raion)	48	29	-19
Dal'nerechenskii raion	42	28	-14
Kirovskii r-n	49	23	-26
Lesozavodskii r-n	49	30	-19
Nadezhdinskii r-n	54	31	-23
Oktiabr'skii r-n	49	31	-18
Partizanskii r-n	55	34	-21
Pogranichnyi r-n	39	27	-12
Pozharskii r-n	57	56	-1
Spasskii r-n	33	20	-13
Khankaiskii r-n	37	26	-11
Khasanskii r-n	45	31	-14
Khorol'skii r-n	50	23	-27
Shkotovskii r-n	37	28	-9

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Table A5. Number of Joint Ventures with PRC.

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Artem
1

2

1

1

1

Arseniev
1

1

1

Vladivostok
5

6

22

27

23

10

Nakhodka
5

15

27

32

24

10

Partizansk
1

1

1

Ussuriisk
3

7

6

6

5

Dal'nerechenskii r-n
1

3

4

3

Kirovskii r-n

Lesozavodskii r-n
1

1

1

1

Nadezhdinskii r-n
1

2

2

2

1

Oktiabr'skii r-n

Partizanskii r-n

Pogranichnyi r-n
1

1

1

1

1

Pozharskii r-n

Spasskii r-n
1

Ussuriyskii r-n
1

Khankaiskii r-n

Khasanskii r-n
1

1

1

1

Khorol'skii r-n

Shkotovskii r-n
1

Total listed
12

29

66

76

64

33

SOURCE: Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii kraevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, No. 19sv-39, May 28, 1999.

Table A5. Number of Joint Ventures with PRC.
	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Total listed	12	29	66	76	64	33

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Table A6. Goods Produced and Services Rendered by Russian-PRC JVs in Primorskii Krai (by volume, in thousands of roubles).

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Artem
10.1

135.2

737.8

395

386

Arseniev
43.7

53

2

Vladivostok
220

1162.3

4160.3

5016.2

3564.7

7461

Nakhodka
67

1154

10459.6

9894.3

5083.1

4192.9

Partizansk
235.8

163

Ussuriisk
206.2

454

1987

6722

Dalnerechenskii raion
246.8

4077.3

Lesozavodskii r-n
1584.8

7684.5

3362

548

Nadezhdinskii r-n
72.9

512.2

682.5

378.6

460.4

Oktiabrskii r-n

Pogranichnyi r-n
65

186

109

Spasskii r-n
93.1

Ussuriyskii r-n
3065.5

Khankaiskii r-n
16

89

176

436

Total listed
370

3169.9

18374.5

25725.6

20189

19982.8

SOURCE: Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii kraevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, No. 19sv-39, May 28, 1999.

Table A6. Goods Produced and Services Rendered by Russian-PRC JVs in Primorskii Krai (by volume, in thousands of roubles).
	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Artem	10.1	135.2	737.8	395	386
Arseniev			43.7	53	2
Vladivostok	220	1162.3	4160.3	5016.2	3564.7	7461
Nakhodka	67	1154	10459.6	9894.3	5083.1	4192.9
Partizansk			235.8	163
Ussuriisk		206.2	454	1987	6722
Dalnerechenskii raion					246.8	4077.3
Lesozavodskii r-n			1584.8	7684.5	3362	548
Nadezhdinskii r-n	72.9	512.2	682.5	378.6	460.4
Oktiabrskii r-n
Pogranichnyi r-n				65	186	109
Spasskii r-n						93.1
Ussuriyskii r-n						3065.5
Khankaiskii r-n			16	89	176	436

Total listed	370	3169.9	18374.5	25725.6	20189	19982.8

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Table A7. Goods Sold by Russian-PRC JVs in Primorskii Krai (millions of rubles).

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

Artem
42.9

1561

798

948

Arseniev
314.7

216

13

Vladivostok
785.1

4822.8

10491.9

10300

Nakhodka
10.6

305.7

6514.4

15477.8

6972.7

Ussuriisk
711.3

1322.3

7414

Dalnerechenskii raion
1169.8

Nadezhdinskii r-n
162.2

617.8

1426.4

705

Partizanskii r-n
235.8

445

Pogranichnyi r-n
24

126

Khankaiskii r-n
77.5

274

401.4

SOURCE: Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii kraevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, No. 19sv-39, May 28, 1999.

Table A7. Goods Sold by Russian-PRC JVs in Primorskii Krai (millions of rubles).
	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Artem		42.9	1561	798	948
Arseniev			314.7	216	13
Vladivostok		785.1	4822.8	10491.9	10300
Nakhodka	10.6	305.7	6514.4	15477.8	6972.7
Ussuriisk			711.3	1322.3	7414
Dalnerechenskii raion				1169.8
Nadezhdinskii r-n		162.2	617.8	1426.4	705
Partizanskii r-n			235.8	445
Pogranichnyi r-n				24	126
Khankaiskii r-n			77.5	274	401.4

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Table A8. Chinese Migrant Workers and Vegetable Production in Primor'e, 1996-97.

Migrant workers
(% labor force) Vegetable Output
(kg per capita) Migrant Workers Vegetable Output

Area
1996

1997

1996

1997

1997-to-96 Ratio

1997-to-96 Ratio

Artem
0.3

0.7

136

107

1.33

-0.21

Arseniev
0

0

19

14

0.00

-0.26

Vladivostok
0.5

0.5

9

8

0.00

-0.11

Nakhodka
2.2

1.2

28

20

-0.45

-0.29

Partizansk
0.8

0.8

41

28

0.00

-0.32

Ussuriisk
2.4

3.2

0

0

0.33

0.00

Dal’nerechenskii r-n
0.7

0.4

22

21

-0.43

-0.05

Kirovskii r-n
0

0

76

57

0.00

-0.25

Lesozavodskii r-n
0

0

73

66

0.00

-0.10

Nadezhdinskii r-n
1.3

0.8

235

151

-0.38

-0.36

Oktiabr’skii r-n
4.9

11

111

104

1.24

-0.06

Partizanskii r-n
5.7

2.3

248

149

-0.60

-0.40

Pogranichnyi r-n
6.1

1.2

56

39

-0.80

-0.30

Pozharskii r-n
1.9

0.2

45

43

-0.89

-0.04

Spasskii r-n
0.7

0.6

76

38

-0.14

-0.50

Ussuriiskii r-n
0

0

58

40

0.00

-0.31

Khankaiskii r-n
1.7

2.2

53

44

0.29

-0.17

Khasanskii r-n
1.9

0

15

12

-1.00

-0.20

Khorol'skii r-n
0.9

1.1

69

45

0.22

-0.35

Shkotovskii r-n
1

1

82

155

0.00

0.89

AVERAGE
1.65

1.36

72.6

57.05

-0.1

-0.2

1997 as % of 1996
82

79

SOURCES: Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii kraevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, No. 19sv-39, May 28, 1999. Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii krayevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, Sotsial'naia sfera gorodov i raionov Primorskogo kraia (Vladivostok, 1998), …..

Table A8. Chinese Migrant Workers and Vegetable Production in Primor'e, 1996-97.
	Migrant workers (% labor force)	Vegetable Output (kg per capita)	Migrant Workers	Vegetable Output
Artem	0.3	0.7	136	107	1.33	-0.21
Arseniev	0	0	19	14	0.00	-0.26
Vladivostok	0.5	0.5	9	8	0.00	-0.11
Nakhodka	2.2	1.2	28	20	-0.45	-0.29
Partizansk	0.8	0.8	41	28	0.00	-0.32
Ussuriisk	2.4	3.2	0	0	0.33	0.00
Dal’nerechenskii r-n	0.7	0.4	22	21	-0.43	-0.05
Kirovskii r-n	0	0	76	57	0.00	-0.25
Lesozavodskii r-n	0	0	73	66	0.00	-0.10
Nadezhdinskii r-n	1.3	0.8	235	151	-0.38	-0.36
Oktiabr’skii r-n	4.9	11	111	104	1.24	-0.06
Partizanskii r-n	5.7	2.3	248	149	-0.60	-0.40
Pogranichnyi r-n	6.1	1.2	56	39	-0.80	-0.30
Pozharskii r-n	1.9	0.2	45	43	-0.89	-0.04
Spasskii r-n	0.7	0.6	76	38	-0.14	-0.50
Ussuriiskii r-n	0	0	58	40	0.00	-0.31
Khankaiskii r-n	1.7	2.2	53	44	0.29	-0.17
Khasanskii r-n	1.9	0	15	12	-1.00	-0.20
Khorol'skii r-n	0.9	1.1	69	45	0.22	-0.35
Shkotovskii r-n	1	1	82	155	0.00	0.89

AVERAGE	1.65	1.36	72.6	57.05	-0.1	-0.2
1997 as % of 1996		82		79

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Table A9. Chinese Migrant Labor and Individual Housing Construction in Primorskii Krai.

Migrant workers
(% labor force) Individual Housing Construction
(Houses per capita) Migrant
Workers Housing
Construction

Area
1996

1997

1996

1997

1997-to-96 Ratio

1997-to-96 Ratio

Artem
0.3

0.7

2.7

6.2

0

3.5

Arseniev
0

0

0

0.2

0

0.2

Vladivostok
0.5

0.5

4.8

7

-1

2.2

Nakhodka
2.2

1.2

4.9

4.3

0

-0.6

Partizansk
0.8

0.8

2

1.9

0.8

-0.1

Ussuriisk
2.4

3.2

1.4

3.6

-0.3

2.2

Dal’nerechenskii r-n
0.7

0.4

0

0.2

0

0.2

Kirovskii r-n
0

0

0.9

0.6

0

-0.3

Lesozavodskii r-n
0

0

0.1

0.5

-0.5

0.4

Nadezhdinskii r-n
1.3

0.8

3.2

4.2

6.1

1

Oktiabr’skii r-n
4.9

11

1.9

1.2

-3.4

-0.7

Partizanskii r-n
5.7

2.3

1.3

1.3

-4.9

0

Pogranichnyi r-n
6.1

1.2

0.3

0.1

-1.7

-0.2

Pozharskii r-n
1.9

0.2

0.4

0.8

-0.1

0.4

Spasskii r-n
0.7

0.6

1.4

1.8

0
0.4

Ussuriiskii r-n
0

0

0.8

1.4

0.5

0.6

Khankaiskii r-n
1.7

2.2

0.3

2.1

-1.9

1.8

Khasanskii r-n
1.9

0

1.8

0.5

0.2

-1.3

Khorol'skii r-n
0.9

1.1

0.5

0.3

0

-0.2

Shkotovskii r-n
1

1

1.5

1.1

0

-0.4

Total
30.2

39.3

Averages
1.65

1.36

1.51

1.97

1997 as % of 1996
82

130

SOURCES: Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii kraevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, No. 19sv-39, May 28, 1999.
Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii krayevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, Sotsial'naia sfera gorodov i raionov Primorskogo kraia (Vladivostok, 1998), …..

Table A9. Chinese Migrant Labor and Individual Housing Construction in Primorskii Krai.
	Migrant workers (% labor force)	Individual Housing Construction (Houses per capita)	Migrant Workers	Housing Construction
Artem	0.3	0.7	2.7	6.2	0	3.5
Arseniev	0	0	0	0.2	0	0.2
Vladivostok	0.5	0.5	4.8	7	-1	2.2
Nakhodka	2.2	1.2	4.9	4.3	0	-0.6
Partizansk	0.8	0.8	2	1.9	0.8	-0.1
Ussuriisk	2.4	3.2	1.4	3.6	-0.3	2.2
Dal’nerechenskii r-n	0.7	0.4	0	0.2	0	0.2
Kirovskii r-n	0	0	0.9	0.6	0	-0.3
Lesozavodskii r-n	0	0	0.1	0.5	-0.5	0.4
Nadezhdinskii r-n	1.3	0.8	3.2	4.2	6.1	1
Oktiabr’skii r-n	4.9	11	1.9	1.2	-3.4	-0.7
Partizanskii r-n	5.7	2.3	1.3	1.3	-4.9	0
Pogranichnyi r-n	6.1	1.2	0.3	0.1	-1.7	-0.2
Pozharskii r-n	1.9	0.2	0.4	0.8	-0.1	0.4
Spasskii r-n	0.7	0.6	1.4	1.8	0	0.4
Ussuriiskii r-n	0	0	0.8	1.4	0.5	0.6
Khankaiskii r-n	1.7	2.2	0.3	2.1	-1.9	1.8
Khasanskii r-n	1.9	0	1.8	0.5	0.2	-1.3
Khorol'skii r-n	0.9	1.1	0.5	0.3	0	-0.2
Shkotovskii r-n	1	1	1.5	1.1	0	-0.4

Total			30.2	39.3
Averages	1.65	1.36	1.51	1.97
1997 as % of 1996		82		130

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Table A10a. Outcomes of Environmental Violation Inspections by the "Tigr" Department, State Committee on Environmental Protection for Primorskii krai, 1994-1998.
Staff	Measurement unit	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998

"Tigr" staff size		8	> 8--17	17--20--18	18--16	22-20

Table A10b. Outcomes of Environmental Violation Inspections by the "Tigr" Department, State Committee on Environmental Protection for Primorskii krai, 1994-1998.
Registered Violations	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Total:	164	171	229	270	639
Hunting rules	85	80	149	133	151
Fishing rules	20	26	36	109	300
Forest use rules	0	13	19	28	89
Fire safety	0	0	0	0	7
Pollution rules	0	0	0	0	37
Bioresource use	0	0	0	0	11

Table A10c. Outcomes of Environmental Violation Inspections by the "Tigr" Department, State Committee on Environmental Protection for Primorskii krai, 1994-1998.
Activities	Measurement unit	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Filed Criminal Cases		3	5	15	5	54

Table A10d. Outcomes of Environmental Violation Inspections by the "Tigr" Department, State Committee on Environmental Protection for Primorskii krai, 1994-1998.
Confiscated tools	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Tiger traps	0	0	0	1	1
Fishing nets	0	31	90	318	470
Traps and snares	0	0	32	40	54
Firearms	46	82	143	105	146

Table A10e. Outcomes of Environmental Violation Inspections by the "Tigr" Department, State Committee on Environmental Protection for Primorskii krai, 1994-1998.
Confiscated bioproducts	Measurement unit	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Tiger skins & skeletons		14	2	4	11	2
Leopard skins		0	0	2	0	2
Furry animal skins		0	0	0	3	4
Meat of hoofed animals	No. of animals killed	0	0	8	29	8
Bear gall	No.\grams	0	0	0	0	2\25
Musk deer sex glands		0	0	0	0	87
Wild ginseng	No. of roots	2559	6000	5515	11912	31932
Dried frogs	Kilograms	0	0	0	150	0
Dried sea cucumber	Kilograms	284	14	180	120	748
Timber	Cubic meters	0	10	0	160	469
Sea urchins		0	0	0	0	100
Fish	Kilograms	0	0	400	55	496
Sea scallops	Kilograms	0	0	0	0	5
Salmon roe	Kilograms	0	0	0	0	126
Drug plants	Hectars	0	0	0	1.5	0
Drug plants	No. of plants	0	0	0	7100	0
Marijuana	Kilograms	0	0	0	20	21.4

SOURCE: Rezul'taty kontrol'no-inspetsionnoi deyatel'nosti otdela "Tigr" Goskomekologii Primorskogo kraia za period s aprelia 1994 po dekabr' 1998 gg. Compiled by B.I. Litvinov, Deputy head of the "Tigr" deparment, 1999.

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Table A11. Size, Density and Population Dynamics in Primorskii krai, 1993-1998.

1993

1998
1993-98 Decline 1993-98 Decline Density, 1998 Reproduction Migration** Migration Demographic Insecurity

('000)

('000)

('000)

(%)

(per sq. km)*

(per '000,
1990-97 change)

(1992-97 total)
(1992-97
change % '93 population) (Based on % decline, density, reproduction
and migration %)

Primor'e total
2286.9

2196.5

90.4

4

13.6

-9.7

-36922

-1.6
Weak Strong

Artem
115.2

113.6

1.6

1.4

224

-11.1

1939

1.7

3

1

Arseniev
70.8

67.1

3.7

5.2

1731

-9.6

-1588

-2.2

2

2

Vladivostok
664

642.4

21.6

3.3

1148

-8.4

-13730

-2.1

3

1

Nakhodka
193

189.1

3.9

2

583

-9.1

-1246

-0.6

4

0

Partizansk
61.6

59.6

2

3.2

46

-9.9

1740

2.8

4

0

Ussuriisk, city & raion
192.7

187.5

5.2

2.7

955

-8.8

2930

1.5

4

0

Dalnerechenskii raion*
57.3

53

4.3

7.5

2.1

-11.3

-2496

-4.4

0

4

Kirovskii r-n
30.4

28.8

1.6

5.3

7.8

-13.6

-1011

-3.3

0

4

Lesozavodskii r-n*
58.5

56

2.5

4.3

3.5

-12.5

-774

-1.3

2

2

Nadezhdinskii r-n
43.2

43

0.2

0.5

27.1

-10.9

803

1.9

4

0

Oktiabrskii r-n
39.9

37.8

2.1

5.3

24.2

-9.4

249

0.6

4

0

Partizanskii r-n
29.6

30.8

-1.2

-4.1

7.3

-10

2372

8.0

3

1

Pogranichnyi r-n
27

24.4

2.6

9.6

6.6

-8.1

-752

-2.8

1

3

Pozharskii r-n
38

36.8

1.2

3.2

1.7

-12.4

184

0.5

2

2

Spasskii r-n*
93.9

889

5

5.3

7.3

-11.9

-409

-0.4

1

3

Khankaiskii r-n
29.9

27.7

2.2

7.4

10.4

-10.8

-1533

-5.1

1

3

Khasanskii r-n
44.3

41.2

3.1

7

10.4

-11.4

-2307

-5.2

0

4

Khorol'skii r-n
43.7

39.6

4.1

9.4

20.6

-9.9

-2608

-6.0

2

2

Shkotovskii r-n*
74.9

68.8

6.1

8.1

10.6

-11.7

-2165

-2.9

0

4

Ussuriyskii r-n
30.9

29.1

1.8

5.8

8.5

-12.4

-893

-2.9

0

4

Average, border raions
43.3

5.3

10.6

-11.2

-810.0

-1.7

Average
93.3

4.6

241.8

-10.7

-1064.8

-1.1

*Population density and migration under Ussuriisk city & raion is for Ussuriisk city only.
**Refers to in (+) or out (-) migration predominantly of ethnic Russians and Ukrainians
SOURCE: Goskomstat Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Primorskii krayevoi komitet gosudarstvennoi statistiki, Sotsial'naia sfera gorodov i raionov Primorskogo kraia (Vladivostok, 1998), 9, 10, 14, 16.

Table A11. Size, Density and Population Dynamics in Primorskii krai, 1993-1998.
	1993	1998	1993-98 Decline	1993-98 Decline	Density, 1998	Reproduction	Migration**	Migration	Demographic Insecurity
Primor'e total	2286.9	2196.5	90.4	4	13.6	-9.7	-36922	-1.6	Weak	Strong
Artem	115.2	113.6	1.6	1.4	224	-11.1	1939	1.7	3	1
Arseniev	70.8	67.1	3.7	5.2	1731	-9.6	-1588	-2.2	2	2
Vladivostok	664	642.4	21.6	3.3	1148	-8.4	-13730	-2.1	3	1
Nakhodka	193	189.1	3.9	2	583	-9.1	-1246	-0.6	4	0
Partizansk	61.6	59.6	2	3.2	46	-9.9	1740	2.8	4	0
Ussuriisk, city & raion	192.7	187.5	5.2	2.7	955	-8.8	2930	1.5	4	0
Dalnerechenskii raion*	57.3	53	4.3	7.5	2.1	-11.3	-2496	-4.4	0	4
Kirovskii r-n	30.4	28.8	1.6	5.3	7.8	-13.6	-1011	-3.3	0	4
Lesozavodskii r-n*	58.5	56	2.5	4.3	3.5	-12.5	-774	-1.3	2	2
Nadezhdinskii r-n	43.2	43	0.2	0.5	27.1	-10.9	803	1.9	4	0
Oktiabrskii r-n	39.9	37.8	2.1	5.3	24.2	-9.4	249	0.6	4	0
Partizanskii r-n	29.6	30.8	-1.2	-4.1	7.3	-10	2372	8.0	3	1
Pogranichnyi r-n	27	24.4	2.6	9.6	6.6	-8.1	-752	-2.8	1	3
Pozharskii r-n	38	36.8	1.2	3.2	1.7	-12.4	184	0.5	2	2
Spasskii r-n*	93.9	889	5	5.3	7.3	-11.9	-409	-0.4	1	3
Khankaiskii r-n	29.9	27.7	2.2	7.4	10.4	-10.8	-1533	-5.1	1	3
Khasanskii r-n	44.3	41.2	3.1	7	10.4	-11.4	-2307	-5.2	0	4
Khorol'skii r-n	43.7	39.6	4.1	9.4	20.6	-9.9	-2608	-6.0	2	2
Shkotovskii r-n*	74.9	68.8	6.1	8.1	10.6	-11.7	-2165	-2.9	0	4
Ussuriyskii r-n	30.9	29.1	1.8	5.8	8.5	-12.4	-893	-2.9	0	4

Average, border raions		43.3		5.3	10.6	-11.2	-810.0	-1.7
Average		93.3		4.6	241.8	-10.7	-1064.8	-1.1

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Table A12a. Positive Socioeconomic Incentives for Supporting Cross-Border Interactions with PRC Nationals in Primor'e (1997-1998).
Consumer goods Food availability Income/savings Investment/
Joint ventures JV vs. taxes
(Corruption
incentives) JV-taxes
(Corruption
incentives) Smuggling
(Corruption
incentives) Total Corruption incentives

Indicator: Production decline Agricultural output decline Average wage decline JV indicators Peak-to-1998 Foreign trade Domestic trade Illicit trade

Source: Table A2 Table A3 Table A4 Tables 2, Fig. 1 Table 3 Table 4 Table A11 (columns b-h) (columns f-h)

Artem Strong Strong Strong Weak Weak Strong Weak Strong Weak 1 strong

Arseniev Strong Strong Strong Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Vladivostok Strong Strong Strong Strong Strong Strong Variable Strong Strong 1 variable

Nakhodka Strong Weak Variable Variable Strong Weak Weak Weak 1 strong

Partizansk Strong Strong Strong Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Ussuriisk (city&raion) Strong Strong Strong Strong Strong Strong Strong Strong Strong

Dalnerechenskii raion Strong Weak Strong Strong Weak Strong Strong Strong 1 weak

Kirovskii r-n Weak Strong Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Lesozavodskii r-n Strong Strong Weak Weak Weak Strong Strong Weak 1 strong

Nadezhdinskii r-n Strong Strong Variable Strong Weak Weak Strong Weak 1 strong

Oktiabrskii r-n Strong Strong Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Partizanskii r-n Strong Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Pogranichnyi r-n Strong Weak Weak Weak Strong Weak Weak Weak 1 strong

Pozharskii r-n Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Spasskii r-n Strong Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Khankaiskii r-n Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Khasanskii r-n Strong Weak Weak Weak Weak Strong Weak Weak 1 strong

Khorol'skii r-n Weak Strong Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Shkotovskii r-n Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak

Strong = above average
Weak = below average

Table A12b. Negative Socioeconomic Incentives for Supporting Cross-Border Interactions with PRC Nationals in Primor'e (1997-1998).
Demographic Insecurity Job Competition Environmental Grievances TOTAL

Indicator: % decline, density,
reproduction and migration % Job-seekers per
vacancy Bioresource Sensitivity

Source: Table 11A Table 7 Table 8

Weak

Strong

Strongest

Strong (+)

Primorye total

Artem
3

1

Arseniev
2

2

+

+

Vladivostok
3

1

Nakhodka
4
0

Partizansk
4

0

Ussuriisk (city&raion)
4

0

Dalnerechenskii raion
0

4

+

+

++

Kirovskii r-n
0

4

+

+

+

+++

Lesozavodskii r-n
2

2

Nadezhdinskii r-n
4

0

Oktiabrskii r-n
4

0

Partizanskii r-n
3

1

Pogranichnyi r-n
1

3

+

+

++

Pozharskii r-n
2

2

+

+

Spasskii r-n
1

3

+

+

Khankaiskii r-n
1

3

+

+

+

+++

Khasanskii r-n
0

4

+

+

+

+++

Khorol'skii r-n
2

2

Shkotovskii r-n
0

4

+

+

++

Ussuriiskii r-n
0

4

+

+

++

Table A12a. Positive Socioeconomic Incentives for Supporting Cross-Border Interactions with PRC Nationals in Primor'e (1997-1998).
	Consumer goods	Food availability	Income/savings	Investment/ Joint ventures	JV vs. taxes (Corruption incentives)	JV-taxes (Corruption incentives)	Smuggling (Corruption incentives)	Total	Corruption incentives
Indicator:	Production decline	Agricultural output decline	Average wage decline	JV indicators Peak-to-1998	Foreign trade	Domestic trade	Illicit trade
Source:	Table A2	Table A3	Table A4	Tables 2, Fig. 1	Table 3	Table 4	Table A11	(columns b-h)	(columns f-h)
Artem	Strong	Strong	Strong	Weak	Weak	Strong	Weak	Strong	Weak	1 strong
Arseniev	Strong	Strong	Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak
Vladivostok	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Variable	Strong	Strong	1 variable
Nakhodka		Strong	Weak	Variable	Variable	Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	1 strong
Partizansk	Strong	Strong	Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak
Ussuriisk (city&raion)	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong	Strong
Dalnerechenskii raion		Strong	Weak	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Strong	Strong	1 weak
Kirovskii r-n		Weak	Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak
Lesozavodskii r-n		Strong	Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Strong	Strong	Weak	1 strong
Nadezhdinskii r-n		Strong	Strong	Variable	Strong	Weak	Weak	Strong	Weak	1 strong
Oktiabrskii r-n		Strong	Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak
Partizanskii r-n		Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak
Pogranichnyi r-n		Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	1 strong
Pozharskii r-n		Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak
Spasskii r-n		Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak
Khankaiskii r-n		Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak
Khasanskii r-n		Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Strong	Weak	Weak	1 strong
Khorol'skii r-n		Weak	Strong	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak
Shkotovskii r-n		Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak

Table A12b. Negative Socioeconomic Incentives for Supporting Cross-Border Interactions with PRC Nationals in Primor'e (1997-1998).
	Demographic Insecurity	Job Competition	Environmental Grievances	TOTAL
Indicator:	% decline, density, reproduction and migration %	Job-seekers per vacancy	Bioresource Sensitivity
Source:	Table 11A	Table 7	Table 8
	Weak	Strong	Strongest	Strong (+)
Primorye total
Artem	3	1
Arseniev	2	2		+		+
Vladivostok	3	1
Nakhodka	4	0
Partizansk	4	0
Ussuriisk (city&raion)	4	0
Dalnerechenskii raion	0	4	+		+	++
Kirovskii r-n	0	4	+	+	+	+++
Lesozavodskii r-n	2	2
Nadezhdinskii r-n	4	0
Oktiabrskii r-n	4	0
Partizanskii r-n	3	1
Pogranichnyi r-n	1	3	+		+	++
Pozharskii r-n	2	2			+	+
Spasskii r-n	1	3	+			+
Khankaiskii r-n	1	3	+	+	+	+++
Khasanskii r-n	0	4	+	+	+	+++
Khorol'skii r-n	2	2
Shkotovskii r-n	0	4	+		+	++
Ussuriiskii r-n	0	4	+		+	++

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	1993	1998	1993-98 Decline	1993-98 Decline	Density, 1998	Reproduction	Migration**	Migration	Demographic Insecurity
	('000)	('000)	('000)	(%)	(per sq. km)*	(per '000, 1990-97 change)	(1992-97 total)	(1992-97 change % '93 population)	(Based on % decline, density, reproduction and migration %)
Primor'e total	2286.9	2196.5	90.4	4	13.6	-9.7	-36922	-1.6	Weak	Strong
Artem	115.2	113.6	1.6	1.4	224	-11.1	1939	1.7	3	1
Arseniev	70.8	67.1	3.7	5.2	1731	-9.6	-1588	-2.2	2	2
Vladivostok	664	642.4	21.6	3.3	1148	-8.4	-13730	-2.1	3	1
Nakhodka	193	189.1	3.9	2	583	-9.1	-1246	-0.6	4	0
Partizansk	61.6	59.6	2	3.2	46	-9.9	1740	2.8	4	0
Ussuriisk, city & raion	192.7	187.5	5.2	2.7	955	-8.8	2930	1.5	4	0
Dalnerechenskii raion*	57.3	53	4.3	7.5	2.1	-11.3	-2496	-4.4	0	4
Kirovskii r-n	30.4	28.8	1.6	5.3	7.8	-13.6	-1011	-3.3	0	4
Lesozavodskii r-n*	58.5	56	2.5	4.3	3.5	-12.5	-774	-1.3	2	2
Nadezhdinskii r-n	43.2	43	0.2	0.5	27.1	-10.9	803	1.9	4	0
Oktiabrskii r-n	39.9	37.8	2.1	5.3	24.2	-9.4	249	0.6	4	0
Partizanskii r-n	29.6	30.8	-1.2	-4.1	7.3	-10	2372	8.0	3	1
Pogranichnyi r-n	27	24.4	2.6	9.6	6.6	-8.1	-752	-2.8	1	3
Pozharskii r-n	38	36.8	1.2	3.2	1.7	-12.4	184	0.5	2	2
Spasskii r-n*	93.9	889	5	5.3	7.3	-11.9	-409	-0.4	1	3
Khankaiskii r-n	29.9	27.7	2.2	7.4	10.4	-10.8	-1533	-5.1	1	3
Khasanskii r-n	44.3	41.2	3.1	7	10.4	-11.4	-2307	-5.2	0	4
Khorol'skii r-n	43.7	39.6	4.1	9.4	20.6	-9.9	-2608	-6.0	2	2
Shkotovskii r-n*	74.9	68.8	6.1	8.1	10.6	-11.7	-2165	-2.9	0	4
Ussuriyskii r-n	30.9	29.1	1.8	5.8	8.5	-12.4	-893	-2.9	0	4

Average, border raions		43.3		5.3	10.6	-11.2	-810.0	-1.7
Average		93.3		4.6	241.8	-10.7	-1064.8	-1.1